API RP 65-1:2018 describes practices designed to prevent shallow-water flow (SWF) during and following the cementing of wells located in deepwater. It is the compilation of technology and practices developed and used by many operators around the world. Although most of the discussion in this standard is focused on SWF, shallow flows can be mixtures of water, gas, gas hydrates, and formation fines. There is no single method of preventing shallow-water flow, and many of the activities described may require customization to fit individual well conditions. While this standard is extensive, it is not meant to limit innovation and new technology.
